The guidelines used are according to the Malaysian Code of Practice for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes, 2019 (hereafter will be referred to as the MYCODE), as well as the revised UKMAEC guidelines (2020). The code encompasses all aspects of the care, use and interaction with animals for scientific and research purposes in medicine, biology, agriculture, veterinary and other animal sciences, industry product testing, diagnosis, biological products, environmental studies, field trials and teaching. This document has been compiled from various sources which include reports on ethics of animal experimentation, maintenance procedures etc. obtained from manuals, journals, Acts, textbooks and personal communications.