Physics II by Easter Joseph, Azman Zainuddin, Nurul Izzah Muhamad Ridwan, Balbir Singh Mahinder Singh

This e-book aims to provide fundamentals physics concepts suitable at the foundation level for students who will be taking Physics ΙΙ. This course consists of four major topics; electricity, magnetism, optics, and modern physics. The electricity topic discusses the basic concepts of electric charges, electrostatic force, and electric field, and how these properties affect the charged particles within a system. The study of the electric potential difference and electric potential energy allow charges to move in a complete electric circuit consisting of battery, resistors and capacitor. Magnetism explores the basic physics of magnetic fields and how energy can be stored in the inductor. A current of moving charged particle produces a magnetic field around it and a changing of magnetic field produces an electric current. The combined study of electric and magnetic effects produces the features of electromagnetism which are the basis of the vast electromagnetic devices. Optics consists of two main divisions; geometrical optics and physical optics. Geometrical optics discusses the basic laws of light reflection and refraction and the use of a simple optical element which is the lens. Physical optics discusses the phenomena of light wave interference and diffraction. Modern physics explores the fundamental principle of modern physics including quantum physics that leads to the concept of quantisation energy, the atomic nature of matter, and nuclear physics.